Common accidents and preventive measures of the ho

Common accidents and preventive measures in shaft and roadway excavation

(I) rock drilling accidents and preventive measures

when drilling with a rock drill, air and water pipes often fly out and hurt people; Pumice is loose and shakes down, injuring operators; Accidents such as steel drill hitting blind blast holes and residual explosive wounding people. In order to prevent the above accidents, the following preventive measures should be taken:

1. Before rock drilling, relevant equipment and tools should be prepared, such as lighting equipment, long and short crowbars, rock drilling equipment and tools, etc

2. Strictly implement the system of knocking on the side and asking for the top, carefully check whether there is loose pumice in the working face space, and whether the support is damaged and abnormal. Once found, it should be handled immediately. When handling, it should be carried out step by step from the outside to the inside from a safe place. When handling, personnel should stand in a safe place and use long handled tools

3. When the blasthole is opened, the air intake should be reduced, and the air intake should be increased after the drill bit is drilled into 3cm. When drilling, the drill rod, pneumatic drill and drill frame should be kept on the same vertical plane, and the drill rod should be kept rotating at the center of the blast hole to ensure that the blast hole is straight and reduce the friction between the drill rod and the borehole wall. When drilling, the person holding the pneumatic drill should stand behind the side of the pneumatic drill and stick close to the pneumatic drill. Don't let the pneumatic drill shake left and right to avoid breaking the drill. In case of broken drill rods, hold the drill rig quickly to avoid injury caused by drill rods entering and leaving

4. After shooting, it is necessary to check whether there are blind shots and residual explosions in time. If problems are found, they should be handled correctly in time. It is strictly forbidden to drill along the residual eye

5. Do not dry your eyes. When drilling, water should be boiled before air. When stopping drilling, air should be stopped before water. Water supply should be appropriate to reduce the occurrence of dust

(II) roof fall accidents and preventive measures

roof fall often occurs in the process of shaft and roadway excavation, which is very easy to cause casualties of operators. The measures to prevent roof falling and falling during the construction of shaft and roadway engineering are:

1. After the blasting of the working face, ventilation must be immediately carried out. After the blasting smoke is dispersed, experienced workers are sent to the working face to knock the roof, check and clean the roof and the loose rocks of the two sides, and then proceed to the next process

2. When excavating shafts and roadways in unstable rock strata, the maximum control distance should be kept within the range specified in the operating procedures, and the roadway support should be checked frequently. If it is damaged, it should be repaired and maintained in time

3. When using the shed support, the back of the support must be tight and solid, and the back of the support must be tightly filled with stones, wood blocks, etc., without empty roof and side

4. The erection of the patio support must ensure the quality, and the back of the well disc and the upper wall must be tightly braked to prevent pants falling off

5. The temporary support for the construction of the main shaft should not be too long. It should be checked frequently to prevent the increase of environmental tests (high and low temperature boxes) and prevent the loosening of the slab

(III) rock loading and transportation can simply solve the operation problems for you and preventive measures

in the process of rock loading and transportation, it often happens that the tramcar or rock loader falls off the road and injures people, walks and collides people, the operator gets an electric shock, the tramcar or rock loader squeezes people, and the tramcar slides automatically to injure people. During shaft construction, people are likely to be injured by rock grabbing machine hitting, pressing, squeezing, and throwing stones when the bucket is too full. Therefore, the following preventive measures should be taken during rock loading and transportation

1. Before starting, check whether the mechanical and electrical parts of the rock loader are in good condition, and then turn on the power supply, turn on the lights, carry out empty bucket test, and check whether the buttons operate flexibly and move accurately

2. It is forbidden for anyone to stay and work near the working range of the bucket and the mining car hanging behind the rock loader, so as to avoid injury by the bucket or stones

3. two people are not allowed to operate a rock loader at the same time

4. in case of large rocks, shovel the surrounding rocks first, and then Shovel them after all of them are exposed; Do not shovel when the rock block is too large to avoid personal injury caused by the dumping of the rock loader

5. The rock loader driver must be trained and qualified, and take the post with certificate. During rock loading, oil injection or maintenance are not allowed. Rock loading equipment and transportation equipment should be maintained frequently, and the power supply must be cut off during shutdown and maintenance

6. When manually pushing a car, one person is only allowed to push one car. When driving on a self sliding track, its speed shall not exceed 3 meters/second. When the tramcar approaches the turnout, Lane crossing and air door, passes through the curve, the section with large slope, and the two cars meet, there are people or obstacles in front, and derailment occurs, the pusher shall send an alarm signal in time

7. The downhill pass of the inclined shaft should be equipped with a device to prevent sports cars

8. When manual rock loading is used in shaft construction, there should not be too many workers in the working face. Generally, there are no more than 35 people, and they should take care of each other during work to prevent tools from colliding and hurting people. The pumice on the shaft wall shall be handled well before rock loading. When the rock grabber is used to load rock, the rock grabber driver should stand on the side of the operation line of the rock grabber. The bucket should not be too full of rock, and the rock surface should be 10 cm lower than the bucket mouth

(IV) falling accidents and preventive measures

falling accidents are prone to occur in the construction of patios, shafts and large cross-section chambers, and the preventive measures are:

1. Set up fall protection platforms or safety platforms above the shafts, patios, chutes and funnel mouths and below the places more than 2 meters from the falling reference level. Operators must wear safety belts, and bucket lifting personnel must also wear safety belts and safety ropes

2. When the excavation height of the raise and large section chamber exceeds 8 meters, clapboards and safety sheds should be set, and the distance between the safety sheds should not exceed 6 meters

3. signs, lighting, guardrails or screens, covers must be set at the patio, chute and funnel mouth

4. The support point of climbing and dismounting personnel ladder or nail raking shall be located on the cross beam of the well frame, the inclination angle of the ladder shall not be greater than 80 degrees, and the platform outlet shall be more than 0.6x0.7 square meters

(V) object strike accidents and preventive measures

when working in the patio, inclined shaft, shaft and large cross-section chamber, it often happens that the upper operators drop or roll objects, and the solution is to clean the buffer valve and hurt the lower operators. In this regard, the following preventive measures must be taken:

1. When lowering the air and water pipe before rock drilling in the shaft. It should be put down slowly by the people above, and the people below cannot pull it, so as to avoid hitting and falling objects in the shaft or on the hanging plate and hurting people. During rock drilling, no one is allowed to take the bucket to the working face. In case of special circumstances, rock drilling should be stopped before lowering the bucket

2. The manhole cover door can only be opened when the bucket passes up and down, and it should be closed immediately after the bucket passes

3. Before mucking or drilling in the shaft, check the firmness of the temporary support to prevent people from being injured by the vibration and sliding of the rock around the end of 2017

4. For the personnel working in the upper part of the patio and shaft, the tools must be put into the tool bag. When several people go up and down at the same time, the one carrying the tools will walk behind when going up, and the one carrying the tools will walk in front when going down

5. Measures should be taken to prevent objects from falling when lifting waste rocks or lowering materials in the inclined shaft. Operators below should try to hide when they hear the sound of objects falling, and do not stand in the middle and look up